1. 术语
Android 框架版本具有多个框架兼容性矩阵 (FCM),每个矩阵对应一个可升级的目标 FCM 版本,用于定义框架可以使用哪些内容以及目标 FCM 版本要求。在 FCM 生命周期中,Android 会弃用并移除 HIDL HAL,然后修改 FCM 文件,以反映 HAL 版本的状态。
如需在自己的生态系统中启用仅针对框架的 OTA,扩展供应商接口的合作伙伴还应使用相同的方法弃用并移除 HIDL HAL。
术语 | 描述 |
---|---|
Framework Compatibility Matrix (FCM) | An XML file that specifies framework requirements on conforming vendor implementations. The compatibility matrix is versioned, and a new version is frozen for each framework release. Each framework release contains multiple FCMs. |
Platform FCM Versions (SF) | The set of all FCM versions in a framework release. The framework can work with any vendor implementation that satisfies one of these FCMs. |
FCM Version (F) | The highest version among all FCMs in a framework release. |
Target FCM Version (V) | The targeted FCM version (from S F), declared explicitly in the device manifest, that a vendor implementation satisfies. A vendor implementation must be generated against a published FCM, although it may declare newer HAL versions in its Device Manifest. |
HAL Version | A HAL Version has the format foo@x.y, where foo is the HAL name and x.y is the specific version; e.g. nfc@1.0, keymaster@3.0 (the root prefix, e.g. android.hardware, is omitted throughout this document.) |
Device Manifest | XML files that specify which HAL versions the device side of the vendor interface, including the vendor and ODM images, provides. The contents of a device manifest are constrained by the Target FCM version of the device but can list HALs that are strictly newer relative to the FCM corresponding to V. |
Device HALs | HALs that are listed (provided) in the device manifest and listed (either required or optional) in the framework compatibility matrix (FCM). |
Device Compatibility Matrix (DCM) | An XML file that specifies vendor requirements on conforming framework implementations. Each device contains one DCM. |
Framework Manifest | An XML file that specifies which HAL versions the framework side of the vendor interface, including system, system_ext, and product images, provides. HALs in the framework manifest are dynamically disabled according to the device's Target FCM version. |
Framework HALs | HALs that are listed as provided in the framework manifest and listed as either required or optional in the device compatibility matrix (DCM). |
2. Developing in a new FCM Version
Android 会针对每个框架版本递增 FCM 版本(如 Android 8、8.1 等)。在开发期间,会创建新的 compatibility_matrix.current.xml (F),且不再更改现有的 compatibility_matrix.f.xml(其中 f < F)。
如需开始使用新 FCM 版本 F 进行开发,请执行以下操作:
- 将最新的
compatibility_matrix.<F-1>.xml
复制到 compatibility_matrix.current.xml。 - 将文件中的 level 属性更新为 F。
- 添加相应的构建规则,以便将此兼容性矩阵安装到设备。
3. 引入新 HAL
在开发期间,为使用当前有效 FCM 版本 F 的 Android 引入新 HAL(WLAN、NFC 等)时,请将相应 HAL 添加到 compatibility_matrix.current.xml,并采用以下 optional 设置:
optional="false"
(如果搭载 V = F 的设备必须附带此 HAL),
或
optional="true"
(如果搭载 V = F 的设备可以不附带此 HAL)。
例如,Android 8.1 引入了 cas@1.0 作为可选 HAL。 搭载 Android 8.1 的设备无需实现此 HAL,因此将以下条目添加到了 compatibility_matrix.current.xml(Android 8.1 发布后已改名为 compatibility_matrix.2.xml)中:
<hal format="hidl" optional="true">
<name>android.hardware.cas</name>
<version>1.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IMediaCasService</name>
<instance>default</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
4. 升级 HAL
4.1 升级HAL(Minor)
开发期间,在当前 FCM 版本 F 下将 HAL 的 Minor 版本从 x.z 升级到 x.(z+1) 时,如果:
- 搭载 V = F 的设备必须使用此版本,则
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
必须声明x.(z+1)
和optional="false"
。 - 搭载 V = F 的设备无需使用此版本,则
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
必须从compatibility_matrix.<F-1>.xml
复制x.y-z
和可选性,并将版本更改为x.w-(z+1)
(其中 w >= y)。 - Required on devices launching with V = F, the
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
must statex.(z+1)
andoptional="false"
. - Not required on devices launching with V = F, the
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
must copyx.y-z
and optionality fromcompatibility_matrix.<F-1>.xml
and change the version tox.w-(z+1)
(where w >= y).
例如,Android 8.1 引入了 broadcastradio@1.1 作为 1.0 HAL 的 Minor 版本升级。对于搭载 Android 8.0 的设备,较旧版本 broadcastradio@1.0 是选用版本;对于搭载 Android 8.1 的设备,较新版本 broadcastradio@1.1 是选用版本。在 compatibility_matrix.1.xml
中:
<hal format="hidl" optional="true">
<name>android.hardware.broadcastradio</name>
<version>1.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IBroadcastRadioFactory</name>
<instance>default</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
此条目复制到了 compatibility_matrix.current.xml
(Android 8.1 发布后已改名为 compatibility_matrix.2.xml
),并进行了以下修改:
<hal format="hidl" optional="true">
<name>android.hardware.broadcastradio</name>
<version>1.0-1</version>
<interface>
<name>IBroadcastRadioFactory</name>
<instance>default</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
4.2 升级 HAL (Major)
在开发期间,当 HAL 有在当前 FCM 版本 F 下的 Major 版本升级时,新的 Major 版本 x.0 会添加到 compatibility_matrix.current.xml,并会采用以下 optional 设置:
- optional="false" 且仅包含版本 x.0(如果搭载 V = F 的设备必须附带 x.0)。
- optional="false",但与较旧的 Major 版本位于同一个
<hal>
标记中(如果搭载 V = F 的设备必须附带此 HAL,但可以附带较旧的 Major 版本)。 - optional="true"(如果搭载 V = F 的设备可以不附带此 HAL)。
例如,Android 9 引入了 health@2.0 作为 1.0 HAL 的 Major 版本升级,并弃用了 1.0 HAL。对于搭载 Android 8.0 和 Android 8.1 的设备,较旧版本 health@1.0 是选用版本。搭载 Android 9 的设备不得提供已弃用的 1.0 HAL,必须改为提供新的 2.0 版本。在 compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml、compatibility_matrix.1.xml 和 compatibility_matrix.2.xml 中:
<hal format="hidl" optional="true">
<name>android.hardware.health</name>
<version>1.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IHealth</name>
<instance>default</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
此条目复制到了 compatibility_matrix.current.xml
(在 Android 9 版本中已改名为 compatibility_matrix.3.xml
),并进行了以下修改:
<hal format="hidl" optional="false">
<name>android.hardware.health</name>
<version>2.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IHealth</name>
<instance>default</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
限制条件:
- 由于 2.0 HAL 在 compatibility_matrix.3.xml 中且 optional="false",因此搭载 Android 9 的设备必须附带 2.0 HAL。
- 由于 1.0 HAL 不在 compatibility_matrix.3.xml 中,因此搭载 Android 9 的设备不得提供 1.0 HAL(因为此 HAL 会被视为已弃用)。
- 由于 1.0 HAL 作为选用 HAL 存在于 legacy/1/2.xml(Android 9 可以支持的较旧 FCM 版本)中,因此 Android 9 框架仍可以支持 1.0 HAL(不会被视为已移除的 HAL 版本)。
5. 新 FCM 版本
在 system 分区上发布 FCM 版本的流程是在 AOSP 发布时由 Google 单独完成的,包含以下步骤:
将 compatibility_matrix.current.xml
重命名为 compatibility_matrix.F.xml
。
确保该文件具有属性 level="F"
。
- Rename
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
tocompatibility_matrix.F.xml
. - Ensure the file has the attribute
level="F"
. - Edit corresponding build rules to reflect the file name change.
- Ensure all devices build and boot.
- Update VTS tests to ensure devices launching with the latest framework (based on Shipping API level) have Target FCM Version
V >= F
. - Publish file to AOSP.
此文件一经改名并发布,便无法更改。例如,在 Android 9 开发期间,针对 hardware/interfaces/compatibility_matrices/ 构建了以下文件:
compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml
compatibility_matrix.1.xml
compatibility_matrix.2.xml
compatibility_matrix.current.xml
Android 9 发布后,compatibility_matrix.current.xml
改名为 compatibility_matrix.3.xml
并针对 hardware/interfaces/compatibility_matrices/
构建了以下文件:
compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml
compatibility_matrix.1.xml
compatibility_matrix.2.xml
compatibility_matrix.3.xml
VTS 测试旨在确保搭载 Android 9 的设备的目标 FCM 版本 >= 3。
此外,product 和 system_ext FCM 也可能列出每个平台 FCM 版本的相应要求。product 和 system_ext 分区上 FCM 版本的发布分别由这些映像的所有者完成。product 和 system_ext 分区上的 FCM 版本号必须与 system 分区上的 FCM 版本号一致。与 system 分区上的 FCM 版本类似,product 和 system_ext 分区中 FCM 的版本F反映了对device上也要运行目标 FCM 版本 F 。
6. HAL 版本弃用
是否弃用 HAL 版本由开发者决定(例如,是否弃用 AOSP HAL 由 Google 决定)。发布较高版本的 HAL(无论是 Minor 版本还是 Major 版本)时,可能需要做出此类决定。
6.1 Deprecate a device HAL
When a given device HAL foo@x.y is deprecated at FCM Version F, it means that any device launching with Target FCM Version V = F or later must not implement foo at version x.y or any version older than x.y. A deprecated HAL version is still supported by the framework for upgrading devices.
When FCM Version F is released, a HAL Version foo@x.y is considered deprecated if the specific HAL Version is not explicitly stated in the latest FCM for Target FCM Version V = F. For devices launching with V = F, one of the following conditions is true:
- The framework requires a higher version (major or minor);
- The framework doesn't require the HAL anymore.
For example, in Android 9, health@2.0 is introduced as a major version upgrade of 1.0 HAL. health@1.0 is removed from compatibility_matrix.3.xml but is present in compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml, compatibility_matrix.1.xml, and compatibility_matrix.2.xml. Hence, health@1.0 is considered deprecated.
6.2 Deprecate a framework HAL
When a given framework HAL foo@x.y is deprecated at FCM Version F, it means that any device launching with Target FCM Version V = F or later must not expect the framework to provide foo at version x.y, or at any version older than x.y. A deprecated HAL version is still provided by the framework for upgrading devices.
When FCM version F is released, a HAL Version foo@x.y is considered deprecated if the framework manifest specifies max-level="F - 1" for foo@x.y. For devices launching with V = F, the framework doesn't provide the HAL foo@x.y. The device compatibility matrix on devices launching with V = F must not list framework HALs with max-level < V.
For example, in Android 12, schedulerservice@1.0 is deprecated. Its max-level attribute is set to 5, the FCM version introduced in Android 11.
7. Removal of support for Target FCM Versions
When active devices of a certain Target FCM Version V drop below a certain threshold, the Target FCM Version is removed from the set SF of the next framework release. This is done by both of the following steps:
- Removing
compatibility_matrix.V.xml
from the build rules (so that it isn't installed on the system image), and deleting any code that implemented or depended on the removed functionality. - Removing framework HALs with max-level lower than or equal to V from the framework manifest, and deleting any code that implements the removed framework HALs.
Devices with a target FCM Version outside of SF for a given framework release cannot upgrade to that release.
8. HAL 版本状态
下文介绍了 HAL 版本的可能状态(按时间先后顺序)。
8.1 未发布(Unreleased)
如果 HAL 版本不在任何公开且冻结的兼容性矩阵中,则被视为未发布且可能正在开发中。这包括仅在 compatibility_matrix.current.xml 中的 HAL 版本。示例:
- 在 Android 9 开发期间(在 compatibiility_matrix.current.xml 改名为 compatibility_matrix.3.xml 之前),health@2.0 HAL 被视为未发布的 HAL。
- teleportation@1.0 HAL 不在任何已发布的兼容性矩阵中,也被视为未发布的 HAL。
For framework HALs, if a HAL version is only in the framework manifest of an unrelated development branch, it's considered unreleased.
8.2 已发布且当前有效(Released and Current)
For device HALs, if a HAL Version is in any public and frozen compatibility matrix, it is released. For example, after FCM Version 3 is frozen (when compatibiility_matrix.current.xml is renamed to compatibility_matrix.3.xml) and published to AOSP, the health@2.0 HAL is considered a released and current HAL Version.
If a HAL Version is in a public and frozen compatibility matrix that has the highest FCM Version (excluding compatibility_matrix.current.xml), the HAL version is current (i.e. not deprecated). For example, existing HAL Versions (such as nfc@1.0 introduced in compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml) that continue to exist in compatibility_matrix.3.xml are also considered as released and current HAL Versions.
For framework HALs, if a HAL version is in the framework manifest of the latest released branch without the max-level attribute or (unusually) a max-level equal to or higher than the FCM version released in this branch, it is considered a released and current HAL version. For example, the displayservice HAL is released and current in Android 12, as specified by the Android 12framework manifest.
8.3 已发布但已弃用()
当全部满足以下情况时,HAL 版本会被视为已弃用:
- 已发布;
- 不在包含最高 FCM 版本的公开且冻结兼容性矩阵中;
- 在框架仍支持的公开且冻结兼容性矩阵中。
示例:
health@1.0 HAL 在 compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml、compatibility_matrix.1.xml 和 compatibility_matrix.2.xml 中,但不在 compatibility_matrix.3.xml 中。因此,它在 Android 9 中被视为已弃用。
power HAL 在 Android 9 中有 Minor 版本升级,但 power@1.0 仍在 compatibility_matrix.3.xml 中。
power@1.0 在 compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml、compatibility_matrix.1.xml 和 compatibility_matrix.2.xml 中。
compatibility_matrix.3.xml 包含 power@1.0-1。
因此,在 Android 9 中,power@1.0 为当前有效版本,而不是已弃用版本。
8.4 已移除
当且仅当在以下情况时,HAL 版本会被视为已移除:
- 之前已发布;
- 不在框架支持的任何公开且冻结兼容性矩阵中。
- 不受框架支持的公开且冻结兼容性矩阵会保留在代码库中,以便指定已移除的 HAL 版本集,从而可以写入 VTS 测试,确保新设备上没有已移除的 HAL。
9. 旧版 FCM
对于所有不支持 Treble 的设备,旧版目标 FCM 版本是一个特殊值。旧版 FCM compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml 列出了框架对旧版设备(即搭载 Android 8.0 之前版本的设备)的要求。
如果版本为 F 的 FCM 具有此文件,则任何不支持 Treble 的设备均可升级到 F,但前提是其设备清单与此文件兼容。移除旧版 FCM 的程序与移除其他目标 FCM 版本对应的 FCM 的程序相同(在搭载 8.0 之前版本的有效设备数量降至特定阈值以下后移除)。
10. 已发布的 FCM 版本
您可以在 hardware/interfaces/compatibility_matrices 下找到已发布的 FCM 版本的列表。
To find the FCM version released with a specific Android release, see Level.h
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